If You Got a Bypass for an Abortion Could You Use It Again

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Parental Involvement in Minors' Abortions

Background

The majority of states require parental interest in a minor'southward conclusion to have an ballgame. Nearly of these states require the consent or notification of just ane parent, ordinarily 24 or 48 hours before the process, but a handful of states require the involvement of both parents. Some states require the minor and a parent to provide government-issued identification to the abortion provider and/or equally office of notarizing the parental consent form. In a small number of states, the parent must as well provide proof of parenthood. Several states allow grandparents or other developed relatives to be involved in identify of the minor's parents, and many waive parental involvement requirements if there is a medical emergency or the young person is the victim of abuse or neglect.

Because the U.S. Supreme Courtroom has ruled that states may non give parents an accented veto over their child's determination to have an ballgame, well-nigh state parental involvement requirements include a judicial bypass procedure that allows a pocket-sized to receive court approval for an ballgame without their parents' cognition or consent. Some states require judges to use specific criteria when determining whether to grant a waiver of parental involvement. These criteria tin can include the immature person'due south intelligence, emotional stability and understanding of the possible consequences of obtaining an abortion. Many states crave a approximate to use the unusually strict legal standard of "clear and convincing show" to determine whether a minor is sufficiently mature and the ballgame is in their best interest prior to waiving the parental involvement requirement.

Visit our state legislation tracker for policy activity on all sexual and reproductive health topics.

Highlights

37 states require parental involvement in a minor's determination to have an abortion.
- 21 states crave merely parental consent; 3 of these require both parents' consent.
- 6 states require both parental notification and consent.
- 10 states require only parental notification; 1 of these requires that both parents be notified.
- vi states let a minor to obtain an abortion if a grandparent or other developed relative is involved in the decision.
- 11 states require identification for parental consent.
- four states crave proof of parenthood for parental consent.
- 2 states require a small'due south identification to have an ballgame.
36 states that require parental involvement take an alternative process for minors seeking an abortion.
- 36 states include a judicial bypass procedure, which allows a minor to obtain approval from a court.
- 7 states require judges to employ specific criteria, such every bit a modest's intelligence or emotional stability, for deciding whether to waive parental interest.
- 15 states require judges to use the "clear and disarming evidence" standard to determine whether the pocket-size is mature and the ballgame is in their best interest when deciding whether to waive parental interest.
Most states that require parental involvement brand exceptions under sure circumstances.
- 34 states permit a minor to obtain an ballgame in a medical emergency.
- 15 states let a minor to obtain an abortion in cases of corruption, assault, incest or neglect.

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Topic

Geography

Northern America: United States
- Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming

Parental Interest in Minors' Abortions
Land	Parental involvement			Other relatives immune to consent	Parent must provide:		Pocket-size must provide identification
	Consent merely	Notification and consent	Notification simply	Other relatives immune to consent	Identification	Proof of parenthood	Pocket-size must provide identification
Alabama	X				X	Ten
Alaska			▼
Arizona	10				X^*
Arkansas	Ten				X^*
California	▼
Colorado			10
Delaware ^‡			X^†	X
Florida		X			X
Georgia			10		X
Idaho	X
Indiana	X*				▽	▽
Iowa			10	Ten
Kansas	Both parents				X^*
Kentucky	X
Louisiana	X				X^*	X
Maryland			Ten^†
Massachusetts ^‡	X
Michigan	10
Minnesota			Both parents
Mississippi	Both parents
Missouri	X ^ϴ
Montana^‡	▽		X
Nebraska	X				Ten^*
Nevada			▼
New Hampshire			X
New Jersey			▼
New United mexican states	▼
North Carolina	10			X
North Dakota	Both parents
Ohio	X
Oklahoma		X			X^*	X	Ten
Pennsylvania	X
Rhode Island	X
S Carolina ^‡	X^†			10
South Dakota			X
Tennessee	X					X
Texas		10			X^*		10
Utah		X
Virginia		Ten		X	X^*
West Virginia			Ten
Wisconsin	X^†			X
Wyoming		X
Total	21	six	x	6	xi	4	two
Note: Except where indicated, policies crave the interest of one parent. ▼ Permanently enjoined by court order; policy non in effect. ▽ Temporarily enjoined by court guild; policy not in effect. * Parental consent documentation must exist notarized, which requires the parent to provide government-issued identification. In Louisiana and Oklahoma, the parent must also provide identification to the ballgame provider. † Allows specified health professionals to waive parental interest in limited circumstances. ‡ In Delaware and Montana, applies to patients younger than 16; in South Carolina, applies to those younger than 17. ϴ Missouri police requires the consenting parent or guardian to notify any other custodial parent or guardian that the small-scale is having an abortion.

Parental Involvement in Minors' Abortions
State	Judicial bypass			Exceptions
	Available	Specific criteria	"Clear and convincing bear witness" standard	Medical emergency	Abuse, assault, incest or neglect
Alabama	10			X
Alaska	▼			▼	▼
Arizona	X	10	10	10	X
Arkansas	X	X	10	X	X
California
Colorado	X		X	X	X
Delaware ^‡	X ^†			10
Florida	Ten	Ten	X	10
Georgia	X			X
Idaho	X		Ten	X	Ten
Indiana	10			X
Iowa	Ten			X	10
Kansas	X	X	10	10
Kentucky	X	Ten		X
Louisiana	Ten		X	X
Maryland					X ^†
Massachusetts ^‡	X			Ten
Michigan	X			X
Minnesota	X			X	X
Mississippi	10		X	X
Missouri	X
Montana	10			X	X
Nebraska	X		X	Ten	X
Nevada
New Hampshire	10			X
New Jersey
New Mexico
Northward Carolina	X			X
N Dakota	10		10	Ten
Ohio	X	X	10
Oklahoma	X		X	X	Ten
Pennsylvania	X			X
Rhode Island	X			X
South Carolina ^‡	Ten			X	10
South Dakota	X		X	X
Tennessee	X			X	X
Texas	X	X	X	X
Utah	X ^Ω			X	Ten ^ξ
Virginia	X			X	Ten
West Virginia	10^*			X
Wisconsin	X^*			X	X
Wyoming	Ten		X	X
TOTAL	36	7	15	34	15
▼ Permanently enjoined past courtroom order; policy not in issue. † Allows specified health professionals to waive parental interest in limited circumstances. ‡ In Delaware and Massachusetts, applies to patients younger than xvi; in Southward Carolina, applies to those younger than 17. Ω Applies to parental consent requirement just. ξ Applies to parental notice requirement only.